{"id":3459,"date":"2025-06-18T13:43:19","date_gmt":"2025-06-18T13:43:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.safehouseproject.org\/?p=3459"},"modified":"2025-06-18T13:43:19","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T13:43:19","slug":"who-can-be-a-victim-of-human-trafficking","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.safehouseproject.org\/blog\/who-can-be-a-victim-of-human-trafficking\/","title":{"rendered":"Who Can be a Victim of Human Trafficking?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>WHO CAN BE A VICTIM OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Human trafficking affects <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/sites\/default\/files\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/@ed_norm\/@ipec\/documents\/publication\/wcms_854733.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hundreds of thousands of people<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> each year in the United States. This crime occurs in every state, impacting men, women, and children in urban, suburban, and rural communities alike. While stereotypes and media misinformation often shape the public&#8217;s perception of what human trafficking looks like, in reality, victims represent all ages, genders, racial and ethnic groups, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Understanding who is most at risk for victimization through trafficking is essential for identifying survivors, building systems that support their healing, and preventing future exploitation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>What Makes Someone Vulnerable to Human Trafficking<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Traffickers intentionally take advantage of vulnerabilities that already exist in a person\u2019s life in order to gain control over them. These vulnerabilities may include poverty or financial insecurity, homelessness, addiction, or physical or cognitive disabilities. People who are socially isolated or lack stable housing, consistent employment, or community connections are more likely to be targeted by traffickers. Control often involves psychological manipulation, threats of violence or retaliation, coercion, or dependency rather than physical force.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Someone may appear to be living a normal life, attending school, working a regular job, and having a family. At the same time, that person may be under the control of someone who uses threats, emotional abuse, trauma bonds, or financial pressure to maintain dominance. In most cases, the trafficker is someone the victims knows, such as a family member, intimate partner, friend, or employer. Trafficking victims are often exploited in their own communities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Disproportionately Affected Groups<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While anyone can be targeted by a human trafficker, some groups face a higher risk because of the social and systemic risk factors they experience.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b><i>Women &amp; Girls<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 In the U.S., <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/polarisproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Polaris-Analysis-of-2021-Data-from-the-National-Human-Trafficking-Hotline.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">at least 80%<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of sex trafficking victims are female. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nsvrc.org\/statistics\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A high proportion<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of women and girls experience gender-based mistreatment, harassment, or violence throughout their lives, which traffickers often exploit through emotional manipulation and false promises of love or safety. Traffickers regularly manipulate their victims through intimate relationships, targeting women and girls who lack stable support systems and who may have experienced unhealthy relationships before. Gender-based discrimination, oversexualization, and fear of judgment or criminalization prevent many women and girls from seeking help. These risks are greater for women and girls who also face poverty, racism, or other forms of marginalization.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b><i>Children &amp; Adolescents<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 At least <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/traffickinginstitute.org\/federal-human-trafficking-report\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">34% of sex trafficking victims<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are estimated to be minors, but very few are identified until they reach adulthood. On average, minor victims are trafficked for the first time between the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK430910\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ages of 12 and 14<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Tragically, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/navigating-the-unique-complexities-in-familial-trafficking\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">more than 4 in 10<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> minor trafficking victims are exploited by a family member. Youth who experience family instability, poverty, or abuse are far more likely to be targeted, as well as children in the foster care system or the juvenile justice system. Many minors are exploited by an older boyfriend or girlfriend, who may offer shelter, affection, or gifts to gain emotional control over them.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b><i>LGBTQ+ Individuals<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/youthlaw.org\/sites\/default\/files\/attachments\/2023-06\/NCYL_Issue%20Briefs_LGBTQIA2S%2B%20Youth%20CSE_v6_0.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LGBTQ+ people are more vulnerable<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to human trafficking due to a combination of social isolation, discrimination, and often, family rejection. LGBTQ+ youth experience disproportionately high rates of verbal and physical abuse, parental abuse, sexual abuse, and related issues such as missing school, all of which are risk factors for human trafficking. Many LGBTQ+ youth experience homelessness or time in foster care, increasing their risk of being targeted by traffickers who exploit their need for shelter, acceptance, or safety. Fear of rejection or mistreatment can be a significant reason why LGBTQ+ victims avoid seeking help, especially from family members.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b><i>People of Color<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 Individuals of color make up <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/humantrafficking.umich.edu\/about-human-trafficking\/who-are-the-victims\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">more than half<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the trafficking survivor population, despite representing roughly 40% of the general U.S. population. This is largely due to long-standing systemic inequities and racism, which result in barriers to housing, education, healthcare access, and employment. Racial bias within institutions, in addition to widespread distrust of law enforcement within communities of color, often prevents early intervention or equitable access to support for trafficking victims. Black women and girls are especially vulnerable, making up <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/rights4girls.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/r4g\/2018\/09\/Racial-Justice-fact-sheet-Sept-2018-Final.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">40% of all sex trafficking victims<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Indigenous women experience similar rates of victimization in the Pacific Northwest, Rocky Mountains, and Northern Great Plains regions, particularly in communities with limited response infrastructure or where jurisdictional gaps exist. These layered vulnerabilities make it much more difficult to detect trafficking, report suspicious activity, or access help.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b><i>Individuals Experiencing Homelessness &amp; Poverty<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 People who lack stable housing or adequate income are especially vulnerable to human trafficking. Traffickers often target individuals living in shelters, motels, cars, or on the street by offering food, housing, or jobs that may meet their immediate needs. These offers are rarely what they seem, since once the trafficker has established control or dependency, they can use threats, isolation, or addiction to maintain their power over their victims. Individuals experiencing homelessness or poverty are more likely to accept unsafe conditions out of desperation, making them exceptionally vulnerable to mistreatment and exploitation. Many do not know how to access social services or have faced rejection from support systems in the past, exacerbating their social isolation and limiting their opportunities to be identified. All of these challenges are particularly impactful for minors and youth experiencing homelessness, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/traffickinginstitute.org\/disrupting-the-pathway-from-youth-homelessness-to-human-trafficking\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">between 25-40% of whom<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> also experience sex trafficking.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b><i>People With Disabilities<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 Individuals living with disabilities face a unique set of risks that <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/24-02934-TIP_Factsheet-Persons-with-Disabilities-Section-508-Accessible-8.16.2024.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">increase their vulnerability<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to human trafficking, as well as other forms of abuse. They may depend on caregivers for transportation, communication, housing, or daily support, decreasing opportunities to create protective support networks. In some cases, traffickers gain access to victims through formal caregiving roles or through family members who take advantage of this dependence. People with disabilities often experience isolation from their communities or lack access to communication tools that would allow them to seek help, and the limited availability of disability-informed resources further complicates access to services. Individuals with disabilities are also <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11442890\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">more likely<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to be disbelieved or dismissed when reporting abuse, especially if they struggle with verbal communication or memory.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b><i>Survivors of Abuse or Neglect<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 A history of abuse is one of the strongest predictors of vulnerability to human trafficking. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/traffickinginstitute.org\/disrupting-the-pathway-from-youth-homelessness-to-human-trafficking\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At least half<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of all sex trafficking survivors experienced childhood sexual abuse, which can disrupt the development of healthy emotional boundaries, self-worth, and the ability to recognize or escape abusive relationships. Traffickers frequently exploit these challenges through emotional manipulation, promises of love or safety, and trauma bonds, which are created through cycles of abuse and affection. In cases of familial exploitation, childhood sexual abuse regularly escalates into sex trafficking.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Common Myths About Human Trafficking Victims<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Misunderstandings about what human trafficking looks like in the United States continue to shape public perception and hinder the identification of victims. These myths can result in misdirected efforts, missed warning signs, and incorrect assumptions that exclude many who are actually at risk of exploitation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the most common myths about human trafficking is that it always involves kidnapping by a stranger. In reality, most victims know their trafficker. They may be a family member, romantic partner, friend, or employer. Traffickers often build trust first and then use emotional manipulation, financial dependence, or fear to control their victims.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another common belief is that human trafficking only happens in large cities or foreign countries. However, trafficking occurs in every region and community of the United States, including small towns and rural areas. While the most prevalent type of trafficking may change, trafficking exists and persists in every type of community. Victims are often trafficked in their own hometowns.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is also a harmful stereotype that trafficking victims are always young girls or not U.S. citizens. While these groups are certainly affected, survivors include people of all genders, ages, races, and citizenship statuses. In fact, nearly 80% of the trafficking survivors that Safe House Project served in 2024 were 25 or older, and 96% were U.S. citizens. Many survivors are adults with families and jobs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Seeing the Unseen<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Human trafficking thrives in silence, stigma, and misunderstanding. When communities rely on stereotypes and myths, they overlook the hundreds of thousands of people who are suffering in plain sight throughout the United States. Victims cannot be confined to one identity or experience \u2014 they include children abused by trusted adults, teenagers seeking affection, adults struggling to make ends meet, and people navigating life with disabilities and discrimination. Understanding who can be trafficked must begin with expanding the awareness of what vulnerability looks like and where exploitation can occur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By recognizing the broad range of people who are affected by trafficking, we move closer to solutions that are both compassionate and effective. Prevention requires education. Identification requires vigilance. Healing requires access to services that affirm each survivor\u2019s dignity and potential. Every person has a role in building safer communities. When we learn to see the unseen, we become part of the movement to end trafficking and help survivors reclaim their freedom and future.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To learn more about what human trafficking looks like, take our <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.safehouseproject.org\/onwatch\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">free OnWatch training<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>WHO CAN BE A VICTIM OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING? Human trafficking affects hundreds of thousands of people each year in the United States. This crime occurs in every state, impacting men,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":3030,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-3459","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-awareness"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.safehouseproject.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3459","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.safehouseproject.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.safehouseproject.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.safehouseproject.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.safehouseproject.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3459"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.safehouseproject.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3459\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3460,"href":"https:\/\/www.safehouseproject.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3459\/revisions\/3460"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.safehouseproject.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3030"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.safehouseproject.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.safehouseproject.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.safehouseproject.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}